The Stages of managing a Project

The best description of the requirements of a project involves the appropriate application and integration of logically grouped project management practices.
> The basic practices include:
    - Identifying requirements
    - Planning the project by addressing stakeholder needs and expectations
    - Engaging in active communications with stakeholders
    - Managing and balancing project constraints of scope, quality , schedule, budget, resources , and risk
[根据涉众的需求和期望来规划项目
积极与利益相关方沟通
管理和平衡项目范围、质量、进度、预算、资源和风险的限制]

The Stages of Managing a Project
The five process groups are:
   - Initiating the project
   - Planning the project (策划）
   - Executing the project
   - Monitoring and controlling the project
   - Closing the project
    

Initiating the project is the beginning phase of a project, taking it from a concept to an actual starting point where it is authorized by the organization and agreed upon by stakeholders. This is the "go" point.

If the initiating stage is not performed well , it is unlikely that the project will be successful . The key project controls needed here are an understanding of the business environment(业务环境) and making sure that all necessary controls are incorporated(合并纳入) into the project.

The initiating stge should include a plan that encompasses(=include) the following areas:
   - Analyzing the business needs
   - Reviewing of the current operations 
   - Financial analysis of the costs and benefits including a budget
   - Stakeholder analysis , including users, and support personnel
   - Project charter including costs, tasks , deliverables , and schedules
   - SWOT analysis strengths, weaknesses, opportunities , and threats

[开始阶段应包括一项包括下列领域的计划:
—分析业务需求
—查看当前操作
财务分析成本和收益，包括预算
—利益相关者分析，包括用户和支持人员
-项目章程，包括成本、任务、可交付成果和进度
SWOT分析优势，劣势，机会和威胁]

Planning the project includes the general activities used in preparation to deploy and activate the project. Think out loud and put to paper all of the activities that will be required.

The main purpose of the Planning stage is to plan time, cost and resources adequately to estimate the work needed and to effectively manage risk during project execution. As with the Initiation process group, a failure to adequately plan greatly reduces the project's chances of successfully accomplishing its goals.

Project planning generally consists of :
    - Developing the scope statement 
    - Selecting the planning team
    - Identifying deliverables
    - Any additional tasks assigned by the leadership

[

计划阶段的主要目的是充分计划时间、成本和资源，以估计所需的工作，并在项目执行期间有效地管理风险。与启动过程组一样，没有充分的计划大大降低了项目成功实现其目标的机会。

项目规划一般包括:
-制定范围声明
—选择规划团队
——识别可交付成果
领导交办的其他工作

]

Executing the project is the actual performance of work activities to meet the project requirements. the output of this phase is the project deliverables.

Monitoring and controlling the project are the processes to review and tract the progress and quality of work being completed as project deliverables.

Potential problems can be identified in a timely manner and corrective action can be taken when necessary to control the execution of the project. The key benefit is that project performance is observed and measured regularly.
Monitoring and controlling includes:
    - Measuring the ongoing project adctivities
    - Monitoring the project variables
    - performance baseline
    - Identifying corrective actions to address issues

[可以及时发现潜在的问题，并在必要时采取纠正措施，以控制项目的执行。关键的好处是定期观察和测量项目的表现。
监测和控制包括:
-测量正在进行的项目的可依赖性
—监控项目变量
——性能基线
-确定纠正措施以解决问题]

Closing the project is the process to bring closure to the project for stakeholders by the organization. It basically wraps up the loose ends and ensures that everyone involved received their deliverables.

Effective Project Managers
- Lead by example                - Good motivators
- Visionaries                          - Stand up to execs when necessary
- Technically competent      - Support team members
- Decisive                              - Good communicators
- Encourage new ideas

[

结束项目是组织为涉众结束项目的过程。它基本上完成了未完成的部分，并确保每个参与者都收到了他们的交付成果。

有效的项目经理
-以身作则-良好的激励因素
-有远见的人-必要时要勇敢面对主管
技术能力强，支持团队成员
-果断-良好的沟通者
-鼓励新想法

]

Effective Project Managers 

A project manager is the person accountable for accomplishing the stated project objectives. Key project management responsibilities include creating clear and atainable project objectives and building the project requirements.
Solid project management skill require training on each stage of the project management lifecycle. To become proficient, practical experience should also be obtained before actually trying to lead a project.

[项目经理是对完成既定项目目标负责的人。关键的项目管理职责包括创建清晰和可实现的项目目标，并构建项目需求。
扎实的项目管理技能需要在项目管理生命周期的每个阶段进行培训。要想精通，还应该在真正尝试领导一个项目之前获得实践经验。]