1.用到的主要方法

创建图层

arcpy.CreateFeatureclass_management(in_table, feature_name, geometry_type = feature_type)

参数分别是gdb数据库路径，图层名称，几何类型

创建字段

arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_length = fieldlength, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)

参数分别是图层完整路径，字段名，字段类型，字段长度，字段别名，字段是否允许空值

这里需要注意下，在gdb里面FLOAT,DOUBLE等类型无法定义精度和小数位数

2.数据库图层和字段定义表

先在Excel里面创建两个表，图层定义表和字段定义表，表结构如下

图层定义表

字段定义表

这里字段定义用了两张表来表示图层的通用字段和特有字段

3.arcpy代码

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 
import sys  
reload(sys)  
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
# 导入读取excel的模块（在cmd中用pip install xlrd安装对应模块）
import xlrd  
import xlwt
# 导入arcgis工具模块arcpy
import arcpy  
# 设置参数（pthon脚本导入arcgis中的两个参数）
in_table = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(0)  #原文件位置
xlspath = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(1)  #标准化后图层结构表excel格式路径
xlspath_att = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(2)  #标准化后属性结构表excel格式路径
#in_table = r"F:\2023\gdbbuild\new.gdb"  #原文件位置
#xlspath = r"F:\2023\gdbbuild\mb_std_layer.xlsx"  #标准化后图层结构表excel格式路径
#xlspath_att = r"F:\2023\gdbbuild\mb_std_table.xlsx"  #标准化后属性结构表excel格式路径
#注意事项：excel表格注意字符串前面和后面的空格要去掉，mdb格式可能报错，前面7列不能有空着的地方
data = xlrd.open_workbook(xlspath)
layer_list = []
# 取excel第一个sheet
table = data.sheets()[0]
# for循环遍历每一行
for i in range(1,table.nrows):  
    row_content = []  # 初始化一个列表，用于后面存储读取的excel值
    for j in range(table.ncols):  # 遍历excel每行中的各个值
        ctype = table.cell(i, j).ctype  # 定义每个值类型用于下面判断
        cell = table.cell_value(i, j)  # 定义每个值用于下面判断
        if ctype == 1:  
            row_content.append(cell.strip())   # 如果值类型为字符型，将值加入让面的列表，处理空格
        if ctype ==2 and cell%1 == 0:   
            cell = int(cell)  # 如果值类型为浮点型，且除以1余数为0，转为整数
            row_content.append(cell)  # 加入列表
        
    layer_list.append(str(row_content[1]))
# 将参数赋值给AddField工具所需的必要参数
    feature_name = str(row_content[1])  # 字段名：该行的第二个（列表索引从0开始）
    feature_type = str(row_content[2])  # 字段类型：该行第三个
    arcpy.CreateFeatureclass_management(in_table, feature_name, geometry_type = feature_type)
    print feature_name
    arcpy.AddMessage(feature_name)
    
print "图层创建完成"
arcpy.AddMessage("图层创建完成")

data_att = xlrd.open_workbook(xlspath_att)
#print data_att
print "通用字段开始添加"
arcpy.AddMessage("通用字段开始添加")
# 通用字段处理
table_allatt = data_att.sheets()[0]
for i in range(1,table_allatt.nrows):  
    row_content_att = []  # 初始化一个列表，用于后面存储读取的excel值
    for j in range(table_allatt.ncols):  # 遍历excel每行中的各个值
        ctype = table_allatt.cell(i, j).ctype  # 定义每个值类型用于下面判断
        cell = table_allatt.cell_value(i, j)  # 定义每个值用于下面判断
        if ctype == 1:  
            row_content_att.append(cell.strip())   # 如果值类型为字符型，将值加入让面的列表，处理空格
        if ctype ==2 and cell%1 == 0:   
            cell = int(cell)  # 如果值类型为浮点型，且除以1余数为0，转为整数
            row_content_att.append(cell)  # 加入列表
            
# 将参数赋值给AddField工具所需的必要参数
    field_name = str(row_content_att[1])  # 字段名：该行的第二个（列表索引从0开始）
    field_type = str(row_content_att[2])  # 字段类型：该行第三个
    fieldalias = str(row_content_att[5])
    fieldnullable = str(row_content_att[4])
    #featurename = str(row_content_att[6])
    print field_name
    arcpy.AddMessage(field_name)
    for item in layer_list:
        featurename_all = in_table + '/' + item
        if field_type == 'DOUBLE':  # 如果字段类型为FLOAT,执行下面代码，其他elif同理
            fieldscale = row_content_att[3]  # 小数位数，该行第五个
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type,"", "", "",field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        elif field_type == 'TEXT':  
            fieldlength = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_length = fieldlength, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)  
        elif field_type == 'SHORT':  
            fieldprecision = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_precision = fieldprecision, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        elif field_type == 'LONG':  
            fieldprecision = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_precision = fieldprecision, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        elif field_type == 'FLOAT':  
            fieldprecision = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_precision = fieldprecision, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        elif field_type == 'DATE':  
            fieldprecision = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        else : 
            print "字段类型不符"
            arcpy.AddMessage("字段类型不符")
print "通用字段添加完成"
arcpy.AddMessage("通用字段添加完成")

# 取excel第一个sheet
table_att = data_att.sheets()[1]
#print table_att.nrows
# for循环遍历每一行
for i in range(1,table_att.nrows):  
    row_content_att = []  # 初始化一个列表，用于后面存储读取的excel值
    for j in range(table_att.ncols):  # 遍历excel每行中的各个值
        ctype = table_att.cell(i, j).ctype  # 定义每个值类型用于下面判断
        cell = table_att.cell_value(i, j)  # 定义每个值用于下面判断
        if ctype == 1:  
            row_content_att.append(cell.strip())   # 如果值类型为字符型，将值加入让面的列表，处理空格
        if ctype ==2 and cell%1 == 0:   
            cell = int(cell)  # 如果值类型为浮点型，且除以1余数为0，转为整数
            row_content_att.append(cell)  # 加入列表
            
# 将参数赋值给AddField工具所需的必要参数
    field_name = str(row_content_att[1])  # 字段名：该行的第二个（列表索引从0开始）
    field_type = str(row_content_att[2])  # 字段类型：该行第三个
    fieldalias = str(row_content_att[5])
    fieldnullable = str(row_content_att[4])
    featurename = str(row_content_att[6])
    featurename_all = in_table + '/' + featurename
    if featurename in layer_list :
        print field_name
        arcpy.AddMessage(field_name)
        if field_type == 'DOUBLE':  # 如果字段类型为FLOAT,执行下面代码，其他elif同理
            fieldscale = row_content_att[3]  # 小数位数，该行第五个
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type,"", "", "",field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        elif field_type == 'TEXT':  
            fieldlength = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_length = fieldlength, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)  
        elif field_type == 'SHORT':  
            fieldprecision = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_precision = fieldprecision, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        elif field_type == 'LONG':  
            fieldprecision = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_precision = fieldprecision, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        elif field_type == 'FLOAT':  
            fieldprecision = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_precision = fieldprecision, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        elif field_type == 'DATE':  
            fieldprecision = row_content_att[3]  
            arcpy.AddField_management(featurename_all, field_name, field_type, field_alias = fieldalias, field_is_nullable = fieldnullable)
        else : 
            print "字段类型不符"
            arcpy.AddMessage("字段类型不符")
print "建库完成"
arcpy.AddMessage("建库完成")

4.在arcgis里面导入arcpy文件创建脚本工具时需要注意arcpy文件的编码格式是ANSI,不然会报缩进错误

5.示例文件

https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_29133225/88634527