问题：

使用nvidia-smi命令查看显卡状态时，出现错误：

Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch

而使用nvcc -V查看cuda版本时，显示正常

分析解决：

从现象看是cuda正常，但与之匹配的显卡驱动版本变了，导致出现不匹配问题。

个人简单粗暴的做法是重新下载当前cuda版本的安装包，只安装驱动不安装cuda恢复正常。例如，我是cuda-12.0，下载安装：

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.0.0/local_installers/cuda_12.0.0_525.60.13_linux.run
sudo sh cuda_12.0.0_525.60.13_linux.run

安装后执行nvidia-smi，正常显示显卡状态。

但是安装驱动可能出错，例如：

ERROR: An NVIDIA kernel module 'nvidia-uvm' appears to already be loaded in your kernel. This may be because it is in use (for example, by an X server, a CUDA program, or the NVIDIA Persistence Daemon), but this may also happen if your kernel was configured without support for module unloading. Please be sure to exit any programs that may be us ing the GPU(s) before attempting to upgrade your driver. If no GPU-based programs are running, you know that your k ernel supports module unloading, and you still receive this message, then an error may have occurred that has corrup ted an NVIDIA kernel module's usage count, for which the simplest remedy is to reboot your computer.

查看内核模块

lsmod | grep nvidia nvidia_uvm

995356 2 nvidia_drm 53134 0 nvidia_modeset

1195268 1 nvidia_drm nvidia

35237551 14 nvidia_modeset,nvidia_uvm drm_kms_helper

179394 2 i915,nvidia_drm drm

429744 5 i915,drm_kms_helper,nvidia,nvidia_drm

查看相应进程并结束

lsof /dev/nvidia*

COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE  DEVICE SIZE/OFF  NODE NAME
sbatchd 3680 root    5u   CHR 195,255      0t0 56434 /dev/nvidiactl
sbatchd 3680 root    6u   CHR   237,0      0t0 52212 /dev/nvidia-uvm
sbatchd 3680 root    7u   CHR   195,0      0t0 54226 /dev/nvidia0
sbatchd 3680 root    8u   CHR   195,0      0t0 54226 /dev/nvidia0
sbatchd 3680 root    9u   CHR   195,0      0t0 54226 /dev/nvidia0

kill -9 3680

卸载相应模块，重新安装

sudo sh cuda_12.0.0_525.60.13_linux.run