awk

awk 介绍

• awk 是其取了三位创始人 Alfred Aho，Peter Weinberger, 和 Brian Kernighan 的 Family Name 的首字符。
• awk 是一个强大的文本分析工具。
• awk 更像一门编程语言，他可以自定义变量，有条件语句，有循环，有数组，有正则，有函数等。
• awk 按行读取数据，根据给出的条件进行查找，并在找出来的行中进行操作。
• awk 有三种形势，awk，gawk，nawk，平时所说的awk其实就是gawk。

awk 命令

awk 命令格式

awk [options] 'script' file(s) 
awk [options] -f scriptfile file(s) 

1. script，定义如何处理数据。
2. file，是 awk 处理的数据来源，awk 也可以来自其它命令的输出。
3. -f scriptfile 从脚本文件中读取awk命令，每行都是一个独立的script。

script 格式如下：

BEGIN { action }
pattern { action }
END { action }

脚本通常是被单引号或双引号包住，一个awk脚本通常由四部分组成：

1. BEGIN { action } 语句块，awk 执行 pattern { action } 前要执行的脚本。
2. pattern { action } 语句块，决定动作语句何时触发，可以是以下任意一种： - 正则表达式：使用通配符的扩展集。 - 关系表达式：使用运算符进行操作，可以是字符串或数字的比较测试。 - 模式匹配表达式：使用运算符~（匹配）和 ~!(不匹配)。
3. END { action } 语句块，awk 执行 pattern { action } 后要执行的脚本。
4. action部分，决定对数据如何处理，由一个或多个命令、函数、表达式组成，之间由换行符或分号隔开，并位于大刮号内。常见的action包括：变量或数组赋值、输出命令、内置函数、控制流语句。

BEGIN { action }、pattern { action }、END { action }都是可选项目。

awk 工作流

• 第一步： 执行 BEGIN { commands } 语句块中的语句。

在awk从输入输出流中读取行之前执行，通常在BEGIN语句块中执行如变量初始化，打印输出表头等操作。

• 第二步：**从文件或标准输入中读取一行，然后执行 pattern { commands }语句块。**它逐行读取数据，从第一行到最后一行重复这个过程，直到读取完所有行。

pattern语句块中的通用命令是最重要的部分，它也是可选的。如果没有提供pattern语句块，则默认执行{ print }，即打印每一个读取到的行。

{} 类似一个循环体，会对文件中的每一行进行迭代，通常将变量初始化语句放在BEGIN语句块中，将打印结果等语句放在END语句块中。

• 第三步：当读至输入流末尾时，执行 END { command }语句块。

在awk从输入流中读取完所有的行之后执行，比如打印所有行的分析结果，它也是一个可选语句块。

awk 示例

示例1：获取IP地址是10.1.8.10的网卡名

[root@shell ~ 10:22:06]# ip addr | grep '10.1.8.10' 
    inet 10.1.8.10/24 brd 10.1.8.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33

[root@shell ~ 10:22:18]# ip addr | grep '10.1.8.10' | awk '{print $NF}'
ens33
# 或者
[root@shell ~ 10:22:24]# ip addr | awk '/10.1.8.10/ {print $NF}'
ens33

示例2：查看使用率超过10的文件系统

[root@shell ~ 10:24:04]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    2.0G   12M  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  1.6G   49G   4% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  139M  876M  14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home  147G   33M  147G   1% /home
tmpfs                    394M     0  394M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs                    394M     0  394M   0% /run/user/1000

[root@shell ~ 10:24:06]# df -h | sed 's/%//' | awk '$5>10 {print $0}'
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use Mounted on
/dev/sda1               1014M  139M  876M  14 /boot
# 或者
[root@shell ~ 10:24:10]# df -h | awk '$5+1-1>10 {print $0}'
/dev/sda1               1014M  139M  876M  14% /boot

示例3：提前系统运行数据。

包括：

• CPU 使用率
• 内存 使用率
• 当前用户登录数
• 当前系统负载
• 系统运行进程数量

[root@shell bin 10:43:30]# pwd
/root/bin
[root@shell bin 10:43:33]# vim monitor_os.sh
#!/bin/bash
os_info_file=/tmp/os_info.txt
top -b -n 1 | head -n 5 > ${os_info_file}

cpu_usage=$(awk '/^%Cpu/ {print $2+$4}' ${os_info_file})
echo "CPU 使用率：${cpu_usage}"

memory_usage=$(awk '/^KiB Mem/ {print ($4-$6)/$4}' ${os_info_file})
echo "内存使用率：${memory_usage}"

user_count=$(awk '/^top/ {print $6}' ${os_info_file})
echo "在线用户数量：${user_count}"

load_usage=$(awk '/^top/ {print $(NF-2),$(NF-1),$NF}' ${os_info_file})
echo "当前系统负载：${load_usage}"

running_process_count=$(awk '/^Tasks/ {print $4}' ${os_info_file})
echo "系统运行进程数量：${running_process_count}"

rm -f ${os_info_file}

思考题

统计一篇文章中出现频率最高的10个单词，并按照数量降序排序。

ansible 环境准备

ansible 架构

• 控制节点：下发指令或文件到受控制节点。
• 受控制节点：接受控制节点发过来的指令，并执行。

准备虚拟机模版

准备5台Linux系统，并设置主机名和IP地址。

注意：模版虚拟机的CPU和内存的配置，建议设置为1CPU和2G内存。

开发脚本sethost：

• 不加参数执行sethost，则提示命令使用方法。
• 加参数执行sethost，则第一个参数范围是10-14。超出范围也提示命令使用方法。
• 正常执行示例：sethost 10，这设置正确的主机名和IP地址。

[root@centos ~ 21:58:38]# vim /usr/local/bin/sethost

#!/bin/bash

# test root user
(( UID!=0 )) && echo 'Please run as root.' && exit 1

usage="Usage: $0 10-14"

# test args number
(($# !=1 )) && echo $usage && exit 2

con_name=ens33
domain_name=cyh.cloud

host_id=$1

if ((host_id==10));then
  HOSTNAME=controller.${domain_name}
elif ((11<=host_id && host_id<=14)) ;then
  HOSTNAME=server$[host_id-10].${domain_name}
else
  echo $usage
  exit 3
fi

hostnamectl set-hostname $HOSTNAME
nmcli connection modify ${con_name} ipv4.addresses 10.1.8.${host_id}/24
nmcli connection up ${con_name}

hostname
ip -br address

[root@centos ~ 21:59:25]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/sethost

克隆虚拟机

根据模版虚拟机克隆出其他虚拟机，并使用sethost脚本设置主机名和IP地址。

以server1为例：

[root@centos ~ 21:59:55]# sethost 11

配置 ansible 基础环境

在模版虚拟机上配置/etc/hosts，添加ansible主机清单

[root@server-2 ~ 15:03:05]# hostnamectl set-hostname deploy
[root@server-2 ~ 15:06:04]# bash
[root@deploy ~ 15:07:08]# vim /etc/hosts


127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6


################# ansible ####################
10.1.8.10 controller.cyh.cloud controller
10.1.8.11 server1.cyh.cloud server1
10.1.8.12 server2.cyh.cloud server2
10.1.8.13 server3.cyh.cloud server3
10.1.8.14 server4.cyh.cloud server4
################# ansible ####################

配置免密登录ansible节点：

[root@deploy ~ 15:08:43]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:2OA6/08sLRAoEtpd4Jdl6b+eYYkA3yuYqjLa1EZaBIg root@deploy
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|o.. ... o.       |
|Eo + o +.        |
|o o * =.         |
| . o = *.        |
|    o * S.       |
|   = + o =..     |
|  o B . = B.     |
|oo o o . =.o     |
|=oo   ...o+      |
+----[SHA256]-----+

[root@deploy ~ 15:09:57]# /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys      
[root@deploy ~ 15:10:12]# for host in controller server1 server2 server3 server4; do   sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id root@$host; done
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new 
.................
Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@server4'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@deploy ~ 15:10:25]# for host in controller server1 server2 server3 server4; do ssh $host 'hostname;ip -br a show ens33;echo'; done
controller.cyh.cloud
ens33            UP             10.1.8.10/24 fe80::ff6a:62cd:65b8:ad73/64 fe80::3b4:2cf2:8bda:2d9a/64 fe80::aba9:f095:2d86:ea62/64 

server1.cyh.cloud
ens33            UP             10.1.8.11/24 fe80::3b4:2cf2:8bda:2d9a/64 fe80::ff6a:62cd:65b8:ad73/64 

server2.cyh.cloud
ens33            UP             10.1.8.12/24 fe80::ff6a:62cd:65b8:ad73/64 fe80::3b4:2cf2:8bda:2d9a/64 fe80::aba9:f095:2d86:ea62/64 

server3.cyh.cloud
ens33            UP             10.1.8.13/24 fe80::ff6a:62cd:65b8:ad73/64 fe80::3b4:2cf2:8bda:2d9a/64 fe80::aba9:f095:2d86:ea62/64 

server4.cyh.cloud
ens33            UP             10.1.8.14/24 fe80::ff6a:62cd:65b8:ad73/64 fe80::3b4:2cf2:8bda:2d9a/64 fe80::aba9:f095:2d86:ea62/64 

在模版虚拟机上开发脚本weihu，用来集中管理其他机器。

• weihu cmd command，将会在ansible 5台设备上执行command。
• weihu copy src dest，将模版虚拟机上的src文件复制到ansible 5台设备dest位置。

[root@deploy ~ 15:10:51]# vim /usr/local/bin/weihu


#!/bin/bash

function usage () {
  echo "Usage: weihu cmd COMMAND, 在集群中所有的机器上执行对应COMMAND命令"
  echo "Usage: weihu copy source target，将本地source文件，推送到集群中所有的机器上"
  exit
}

action=$1

HOSTLIST='controller server1 server2 server3 server4'

(( $#<=1 )) && usage

case "$action" in
  "cmd")
    # 删除参数1
    shift
    COMMAND="$*"
    for host in $HOSTLIST
    do 
      ssh root@$host "$COMMAND"
    done
    ;;
  "copy")
    # 删除参数1
    shift
    for host in $HOSTLIST
    do 
      num=$#
      case $num in
        2)
          scp -r $1 root@$host:$2
          ;;
        #[3-9]|[1-9][0-9])
        [3-9])
      last=$(echo $* | awk '{print $NF}')
          args_exclude_last=$(echo $* | sed "s#$last##")
          scp -r ${args_exclude_last} root@$host:${last}
          ;;
        *)
          usage
      esac
    done
    ;;
  *)
    usage
    ;;
esac

[root@deploy ~ 15:11:39]#  chmod +x /usr/local/bin/weihu

测试维护脚本

[root@deploy ~ 15:11:51]# weihu cmd hostname
controller.cyh.cloud
server1.cyh.cloud
server2.cyh.cloud
server3.cyh.cloud
server4.cyh.cloud

[root@deploy ~ 15:12:06]# weihu copy /etc/hosts /etc/hosts
hosts                                                                                  100%  440   138.5KB/s   00:00    
hosts                                                                                  100%  440    10.8KB/s   00:00    
hosts                                                                                  100%  440   169.7KB/s   00:00    
hosts                                                                                  100%  440    99.0KB/s   00:00    
hosts                                                                                  100%  440   306.1KB/s   00:00    

10.1.8.10 controller.cyh.cloud controller
10.1.8.11 server1.cyh.cloud server1
10.1.8.12 server2.cyh.cloud server2
10.1.8.13 server3.cyh.cloud server3
10.1.8.14 server4.cyh.cloud server4

使用以下命令生成主机清单：

for i in {0..4}
do 
  if ((i==0));then
    echo "10.1.8.1$i controller.cyh.cloud controller"
  else  
    echo "10.1.8.1$i server$i.cyh.cloud server$i"
  fi
done

测试维护脚本

[root@deploy ~ 15:12:06]# weihu copy /etc/hosts /etc/hosts
hosts                                                                                  100%  440   138.5KB/s   00:00    
hosts                                                                                  100%  440    10.8KB/s   00:00    
hosts                                                                                  100%  440   169.7KB/s   00:00    
hosts                                                                                  100%  440    99.0KB/s   00:00    
hosts                                                                                  100%  440   306.1KB/s   00:00   

[root@deploy ~ 15:22:56]# weihu cmd cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6


......

################# ansible ####################
10.1.8.10 controller.cyh.cloud controller
10.1.8.11 server1.cyh.cloud server1
10.1.8.12 server2.cyh.cloud server2
10.1.8.13 server3.cyh.cloud server3
10.1.8.14 server4.cyh.cloud server4
################# ansible ####################

准备一个专用的账户devops，用于控制节点远程登录其他节点。

[root@deploy ~ 15:26:35]# weihu cmd useradd devops
[root@deploy ~ 15:52:50]# weihu cmd id devops
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)

[root@deploy ~ 15:53:13]# weihu cmd 'echo 123456 | passwd --stdin devops'
Changing password for user devops.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user devops.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user devops.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user devops.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user devops.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.


# 配置devops账户，免密提权为root
[root@deploy ~ 16:02:01]# weihu cmd "echo 'devops ALL=(ALL)NOPASSWD: ALL' > /etc/sudoers.d/devops"

配置控制节点使用devops账户免密登录所有ansible节点。

[root@deploy ~ 15:58:20]# sshpass -p123456 ssh devops@controller 'ssh-keygen -t rsa -N "" -f .ssh/id_rsa'
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Your identification has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:6Isarm83zy6q+zcmlniqbu+qcMjKVanw0ZCq0LgsK20 devops@controller.cyh.cloud
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|    .            |
|   o             |
| o. o ..         |
|oo.. +. S        |
|=oo +.           |
|*=o=  .          |
|B=E.Bo .         |
|//XX.*=          |
+----[SHA256]-----+

[root@deploy ~ 16:01:36]# sshpass -p123456 ssh devops@controller 'for host in controller server1 server2 server3 server4;do sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id devops@$host;done'
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are .......

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'devops@server4'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

验证控制节点免密登录其他节点

[root@controller ~ 16:03:37]# su devops
[devops@controller root 16:03:50]$ for host in controller server1 server2 server3 server4;do ssh devops@$host id;done
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
[devops@controller root 16:04:02]$ for host in controller server1 server2 server3 server4;do ssh devops@$host sudo id;done
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

ansible 配置

部署 ansible软件

控制节点

[devops@controller root 16:04:19]$ sudo yum install -y ansible

受管理节点

[root@deploy ~ 16:03:16]# weihu cmd yum install -y python

配置主机清单

ansible管理的主机信息要保存到一个文件中，这个文件称之为主机清单（inventory）。

[devops@controller root 16:43:04]$ cd ~
[devops@controller ~ 16:43:08]$ mkdir ansible -p
[devops@controller ~ 16:43:13]$ cd ansible/

[devops@controller ansible 16:43:18]$ vim inventory
controller
server1
server2
server3
server4



[devops@controller ansible 16:44:11]$ ansible -i inventory -m command -a 'id' server1


[devops@controller ansible 16:58:52]$ ansible -i inventory -m command -a 'id' server1
server1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
# -i inventory，主机清单位置
# -m command，使用命令模块
# -a 'hostname'，模块对应的具体参数
# server1，针对哪个机器操作



[devops@controller ansible 16:59:10]$ ansible -i inventory -m command -a 'id' server1
server1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1001(devops) gid=1001(devops) groups=1001(devops)
# -b 提权为root操作

# 使用user模块管理用户
[devops@controller ansible 16:59:28]$ ansible -i inventory -m command -a 'id' -b server1
server1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[devops@controller ansible 17:00:12]$ ansible -i inventory -m user -a 'name=zhangsan state=present' -b server1
server1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 1002, 
    "home": "/home/zhangsan", 
    "name": "zhangsan", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 1002
}

[devops@controller ansible 17:03:47]$ ansible -i inventory -m command -a 'id zhangsan' server1
server1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1002(zhangsan) gid=1002(zhangsan) groups=1002(zhangsan)

# 删除用户
[devops@controller ansible 17:04:02]$ ansible -i inventory -m user -a 'name=zhangsan state=absent remove=yes' -b server1
server1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "force": false, 
    "name": "zhangsan", 
    "remove": true, 
    "state": "absent"
}


[devops@controller ansible 17:04:26]$ ansible -i inventory -m command -a 'id zhangsan' server1
server1 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: zhangsan: no such usernon-zero return code

分组主机清单

[devops@controller ansible 17:04:46]$ vim inventory
[controllers]
controller

[webs]
server1
server2

[dbs]
server3
server4

测试

# 针对webs主机组操作
[devops@controller ansible 17:05:44]$ ansible -i inventory -m command -a 'hostname' -o webs
server2 | CHANGED | rc=0 | (stdout) server2.cyh.cloud
server1 | CHANGED | rc=0 | (stdout) server1.cyh.cloud
# -o 输出内容合并为一行

# all代表所有机器
[devops@controller ansible 17:13:55]$ ansible -i inventory -m command -a 'hostname' -o all
server1 | CHANGED | rc=0 | (stdout) server1.cyh.cloud
server4 | CHANGED | rc=0 | (stdout) server4.cyh.cloud
server2 | CHANGED | rc=0 | (stdout) server2.cyh.cloud
server3 | CHANGED | rc=0 | (stdout) server3.cyh.cloud
controller | CHANGED | rc=0 | (stdout) controller.cyh.cloud

# web主机组安装nginx
[devops@controller ansible 17:14:18]$ ansible -i inventory -m yum -a 'name=nginx state=present' -b webs

# web主机组卸载nginx
[devops@controller ansible 17:14:57]$ ansible -i inventory -m yum -a 'name=nginx state=absent' -b webs

查看模块帮助

# 查看模块清单，并过滤出yum相关信息
[devops@controller ansible 17:15:13]$ ansible-doc -l | grep yum
                               EXAMPLES:

- name: install the latest version of Apache
  yum:
    name: httpd
    state: latest

- name: ensure a list of packages installed
  yum:
    name: "{{ packages }}"
  vars:
    packages:
    - httpd
    - httpd-tools

- name: remove the Apache package
  yum:
    name: httpd
    state: absent

ansible最大的特点：

1. 简单：只要能看懂English就行。
2. 幂等性：多次执行，结果一致。假设第一次执行软件包未安装，则执行安装。第二次执行，则不需要做任何事情。

playbook 编写和执行

通过编写playbook，完成重复、复杂的任务。

• ansible 命令类似于 shell 中单个命令。
• playbook 类似于 shell 脚本。

[devops@controller ansible 18:16:07]$ vim deploy_web.yaml

# yaml格式起始行，一般不省略
---

# Playbook中第一个play
# play具有属性：name，hosts，become，tasks，缩进一致
# name属性，用于简要描述play
- name: debploy WebSite

  # hosts属性，用于定义要在哪个受管理节点执行
  hosts: webs

  # tasks属性，用于描述play中任务，属性是列表格式
  tasks:

    # 第一个任务
    # 任务具有属性：涵name和模块名等。
    # name属性，用于简要描述任务
    - name: latest version of httpd and firewalld installed
      # 指明模块名，也就是要执行的任务
      yum:
        # 指定要操作的rpm包名称
        name:
          # rpm包名称是-开头的列表格式，或者逗号分隔的列表格式
          - httpd
          - firewalld

        # 定义软件包的状态，lastet代表升级为最新版本
        state: latest

    # 第二个任务
    - name: prepare index.html
      # copy 模块，用于将content属性值写入到目标文件
      copy:
        content: "Welcome to {{ ansible_fqdn }} WebSite!\n"
        dest: /var/www/html/index.html

    # 第三个任务
    - name: enable and start httpd
      # service模块，用于启用并启动httpd服务
      service:
        name: httpd
        enabled: true
        state: started

    # 第四个任务
    - name: enable and start firewalld
      # service模块，用于启用并启动firewalld服务
      service:
        name: firewalld
        enabled: true
        state: started

    # 第五个任务
    - name: firewalld permits access to httpd service
      # firewalld，用于放行http服务
      firewalld:
        service: http
        permanent: true
        state: enabled
        immediate: yes

# Playbook中第二个play，-开头表示列表
- name: Test WebSite
  hosts: localhost
  become: no
  tasks:
    - name: connect to intranet web server
      # uri模块，用于测试网站是否可以访问
      uri:
        url: http://{{item}}
      loop:
        - server1
        - server2

# yaml格式结束行，一般省略
...

执行剧本

[root@controller ansible 18:18:34]# ansible-playbook -i inventory -b deploy_web.yaml

PLAY [debploy WebSite] **********************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************
ok: [server1]
ok: [server2]

TASK [latest version of httpd and firewalld installed] **************************************************
changed: [server2]
changed: [server1]

TASK [prepare index.html] *******************************************************************************
changed: [server1]
changed: [server2]

TASK [enable and start httpd] ***************************************************************************
changed: [server1]
changed: [server2]

TASK [enable and start firewalld] ***********************************************************************
changed: [server2]
changed: [server1]

TASK [firewalld permits access to httpd service] ********************************************************
changed: [server2]
changed: [server1]

PLAY [Test WebSite] *************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************
ok: [localhost]

TASK [connect to intranet web server] *******************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => (item=server1)
ok: [localhost] => (item=server2)

PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
server1                    : ok=6    changed=5    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
server2                    : ok=6    changed=5    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0